Process of making composite valves



Oct. 6, 1931. R. JARDl NE 1,326,549

PROCESS OF MAKING COMPOSITE VALVES Original Filed July 9, 4

[n 2260:.- Rober aralz'ne invention, and in which Patented Get. 6 1931UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ROBERT JARDINE, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN,ASSIGNOR TO RICH TOOL COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ACORPORATION OFILLINOIS rnoonss or MAKING comrosrrre varvns Application filed July9,1924, Serial No. 725,024. Renewed February 29,1928.

I This invention relates to poppet valves of the envelope type in whichthe stem and the seating portion of the head are made of dif ferentpieces mechanically connected, and has for its principal object topermit those pieces to be homogeneously united with ease and economy.

Furtherobjects and advantages of the invention will become apparent asthe disclosure proceeds and the description is read in connection withthe accompanying drawings illustrating a selected embodiment of the Fig.1 is a sectional view illustrating the stem and head blanks assembledpreparatory to welding, or otherwise homogeneously uniting them;

Fig. 2 is a similar sectional view illustrating the blanks seated in alower die preparatory to forging; and

Fig.3 is a similar sectional View illustrating the valve represented bythe two blanks after forging.

The head blank 10 may be a spherical ball of metal having thecharacteristics desired in the head or the seating portion of the headof the valve, and having a pocket 11 extend- .ing diametrically into theblank somewhat beyond the center. lVhen' the pocket is made by a drillthe bottom 12 thereof will correspond to the shape of the drill point.

The stein blank 13 may be a suitable length of rod having thecharacteristics desired in f the stem of the valve and its lower end maybe fi shed. The diameter of 'the.stem rod shoul: be less than thediameter of the pocket 11 to afford clearance 14 between the rod an thewalls of the pocket.

According to the preferred procedure the blanks 10 and 13 are assembledin the relation illustrated in Fig. 1, electrodes 15 and 16 areapplied,a current of very low voltage and very high amperage is turnedon, the bottom of the pocket and the end'of the stem blank are separateda few thousandths and then pressed together; When the separation is madean arc as large as the stem blank is formed and fuses the metal at thebottom of the pocket and the end of the stem, and under the subsequentcount oithe low-voltage the small clearance 14 will prevent an arebetween the walls of pressure a perfect weld is elfected. On acthepocket and ,the stem blank and at the same time there will, beinsufficient air in the thin annulusrepresented by the clearance topermit any appreciable oxidation of the metal.

The united blanks are then heated and 'forgedby inserting them into acavity 17 in a die 18 and exerting pressure on them with an upper die19. Under this treatment the stem blank is provided with theenlargements 20Yand21 connected bythe waistshaped portion 22' and thehead blank is formed into an envelope or jacket 23 covering the top ofthe stem blank as indicated at 24 and gripping. the waist-shaped portionof the stem blank to the bottom of the pocket results in a homogeneousunion between the top portion 24 of the envelope and the top end of thestem blank metal which not only contributes to the strength of theconnection but facilitates the. conduction of heat from the stem to theseating portion of the valve head which-is in contact with the cooledcylinder casting. p

The blanks should not be heated separately before the welding operationbecause the supply of air usually, present under those conditions wouldpermit the formation of scale on the walls of the pocket and the end ofthe stem blank, which would not only eliminate the necessary clearance,but would form a defective streak in the finished valve.

The homogenous union, of the two blanks may be effected by otherprocesses of welding or b brazing or by inserting between the end of thestem and the bottom of the pocket what may be called an iron cementwhich, upon fusion, willunite the head and the stem. However,electricwelding is the preferred means of making this union, and whenthe voltage is very low the clearance 14 required is very, small. Forexample, with a valve stem the pocket need only be g" in diameter.

The spherical form of head blank is preferred because it lends itself toquantity production with remarkably uniform size, which is importantwhen the forging is to be done in the manner described.

Various modifications may be made within the scope of the invention, andwhile the foregoing disclosure includes specific description andillustration, it is not intended that anything therein shouldunnecessarily limit the claims or require an interpretation of them thatwould permit the substance of the invention to be appropriated withoutinfringement.

I claim as my invention:

1. The process of making composite valves which includes inserting oneend of a rod into a pocket in a block, homogeneously uniting the end ofthe rod to the end wall of the' pocket and hot forging the block and rodto form a valve head.

2. The process of making composite valves which includes inserting oneend of a rod into a pocket in a block, said pocket being of sufficientdimensions to afford clearance around said rod, welding the end of therod to the end Wall of the pocket and hot forging the block and rod toform a valve head.

3. The process of making composite valves which includes inserting oneend of a rod into a pocket in a block, welding the end surface of therod to the end wall of the pocket and radially expanding the rod andblock simultaneously to form an enlargement on the rod and a flange onthe block extending under said enlargement in intimate contacttherewith.

ROBERT J ARDIN E.

cngrmcm or connncnou.

I mm No. 1,826,549. Granted October 6, 1931, to

I t ROBERT JARDINE.

It is hereby certified that the above numbered patent was erroneouslyissued to "Rich Tool Company," ofChicago, Illinois,fa -corporation ofIllinois", whereas said patent should have been issued to Rich ToolCompany, of Portland, Maine, a. corporation of Maine, as assignee bymesne assignments of the entire interest in said inventiom'as shown bythe records of assignments in this oifice; and that the said LettersPatent should be read with this correction therein that the same mayconform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed andrsealed this 16th day of. February, A. D. 1932.

M. J.',Moore, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

